Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [171] Russian was still widely taught, however, as a second language. Prior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. After the fall of the Kingdom of Armenia in 428, most of Armenia was incorporated as a marzpanate within the Sasanian Empire. [171], In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. [citation needed] Nonetheless, there are still several considerable problems.

In time, several areas of the Bagratid Armenia separated as independent kingdoms and principalities such as the Kingdom of Vaspurakan ruled by the House of Artsruni in the south, Kingdom of Syunik in the east, or Kingdom of Artsakh on the territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh, while still recognising the supremacy of the Bagratid kings. 1991 - Armenia secedes from the Soviet Union. Capital of Armenia. Armenian mines produce copper, zinc, gold, and lead. The status of Nagorno-Karabakh, an enclave of 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km) in southwestern Azerbaijan populated primarily by Armenians, was from 1988 the source of bitter conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. [171] The National Polytechnic University of Armenia is operating since 1933. It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets. [129][130][131][132] The Government of Armenia, however, has joined the Eurasian Customs Union[133] and the Eurasian Economic Union. The GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth after the power plant was reopened in 1995. In the central region they reach 6,600 to 7,200 feet and in the south are found as high as 7,900 to 8,200 feet.

In March 1924, the first Armenian film studio; Armenfilm (Armenian: Հայֆիլմ "Hayfilm," Russian: Арменкино "Armenkino") was established in Yerevan, starting with a documentary film called Soviet Armenia. Armenia, country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. [98][161], In the 2019 report (data for 2017) of Economic Freedom of the World published by Fraser Institute Armenia ranks 27th (classified most free) out of 162 economies. Its rank on subindex Environmental Health (which is weighted at 40% in EPI) is 109, while Armenia's rank on subindex of Ecosystem Vitality (weighted at 60% in EPI) is 27th best in the world. But those difficulties notwithstanding, 90 percent of Armenian athletes on Soviet Olympic teams came back with medals."[213]. In 1045, the Byzantine Empire conquered Bagratid Armenia. Armenia acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as a non-nuclear weapons state in July 1993. During the 1890s, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, commonly known as Dashnaktsutyun, became active within the Ottoman Empire with the aim of unifying the various small groups in the empire that were advocating for reform and defending Armenian villages from massacres that were widespread in some of the Armenian-populated areas of the empire. [171], In the early 1990s, Armenia made substantial changes to the centralised and regimented Soviet system. )[176][177] and is the third most densely populated of the former Soviet republics. In May 1990, the New Armenian Army (NAA) was established, serving as a defence force separate from the Soviet Red Army. Examples are Synopsys Inc. and the Enterprise Incubator Foundation.[170]. [79][80] According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915–16. Armenia is a small country located in West Asia. These loans are targeted at reducing the budget deficit and stabilising the currency; developing private businesses; energy; agriculture; food processing; transportation; the health and education sectors; and ongoing rehabilitation in the earthquake zone. However, the Lake Sevan is that largest lake in the Caucasus, is located within the borders of Armenia. As of 2020, the biggest issue facing press freedom in Armenia is judicial harassment of journalists, specifically defamation suits and attacks on journalists' right to protect sources,[210] as well as excessive responses to combat disinformation spread by social media users. But one of the main sources of foreign direct investments remains the Armenian diaspora, which finances major parts of the reconstruction of infrastructure and other public projects. Because of this, the mountain is present on the Armenian national emblem today.[107][108][109]. Oak forests predominate in the southeastern regions, where the climate is drier, and in the lower part of the forest zone hackberry, pistachio, honeysuckle, and dogwood grow. Jubilees 8:21 also apportions the Mountains of Ararat to Shem, which Jubilees 9:5 expounds to be apportioned to Aram. Finally, the alpine tundra, with its scant cushion plants, covers only limited mountain areas and solitary peaks. The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of Armenia. Elevated volcanic plateaus (Lory, Shirak, and others), cut by deep river valleys, lie amid these ranges. Ancient Armenia was subjected to constant foreign incursions, finally losing its autonomy in the 14th century ce. The Soviet Republic of Armenia was established on November 29, 1920; in 1922 Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic; and in 1936 this republic was dissolved and Armenia became a constituent (union) republic of the Soviet Union. The labour required to clear the surface stones and debris from the soil, however, has made farming in Armenia difficult. The Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC and became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion in the late 3rd or early 4th century AD. Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command. Wrestling has been a successful sport in the Olympics for Armenia. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. Yerevan, Armenia, with Mount Ararat in the background. The political changes in 2018 had a profound effect on the media, with the main TV stations becoming largely free of state control. Although still classified as "hybrid regime", Armenia recorded the strongest improvement among European countries[139] and reached its ever-best score since calculation began in 2006. Armenia is a developing country and ranks 81st on the Human Development Index (2018).

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