The Second Battle of the Corunna Road, a Nationalist offensive to the northwest, pushed Republican forces back, but failed to isolate Madrid. [168], As the conquest of Ethiopia in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War made the Italian government confident in its military power, Benito Mussolini joined the war to secure Fascist control of the Mediterranean,[169] supporting the Nationalists to a greater extent than the National-Socialists did. Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union signed on officially, but ignored the embargo. Thus, when the coup occurred, officers who joined the rebellion, particularly from Franco's rank downwards, were often africanistas, while senior officers and those in non-front line positions tended to oppose it (though a small number of senior africanistas opposed the coup as well). Las izquierdas (socialistas, anarquistas, sindicalistas y comunistas) aparecían unidas formando un bloque, el Frente Popular, opuesto a las clases dirigentes, a la Iglesia y sus privilegios. On the other hand, he was reluctant to disarm the military as he believed he needed them to stop insurrections from the extreme left.
Despite having land and aerial advantages, the Battle of Belchite, a place lacking any military interest, resulted in an advance of only 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and the loss of much equipment. German aid to the Nationalists amounted to approximately £43,000,000 ($215,000,000) in 1939 prices,[179][note 3] 15.5% of which was used for salaries and expenses and 21.9% for direct delivery of supplies to Spain, while 62.6% was expended on the Condor Legion. Ships from and sold by ---SuperBookDeals. [161], Catalan and Basque nationalists were divided.
[74] On 18 July, Casares Quiroga refused an offer of help from the CNT and Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT), leading the groups to proclaim a general strike—in effect, mobilising. [181], Salazar supported Francisco Franco and the Nationalists in their war against the Second Republic forces, as well as the anarchists and the communists. Se frustró el intento de establecer el sistema socialista en España y se ahogó en sangre la Segunda República.b. En esa oportunidad la aviación nazi bombardeó pueblos indefensos, como Guernica, inmortalizado más tarde en el famoso óleo pintado por el genio de Pablo Picasso.Contra la intervención de los gobiernos fascistas lucharon voluntarios de todo el Mundo, agrupados en las “Brigadas Internacionales”. However Stanley Payne suggests this isn't accurate, arguing that the international alliance that was created in December 1941, once the United States entered WW2, was politically much broader than the Spanish Popular Front as it included conservative capitalist states such as Great Britain and the United States; indeed it included the equivalent of many forces on Franco's side. Bolorinos Allard, Elisabeth. Conservatives, the middle classes, businessmen and landowners became convinced that revolution had already begun. [42][43] Fascism remained a reactive threat, helped by controversial reforms to the military. [387] Particularly noteworthy repression was conducted in Madrid during the war.

Many people including, as they are now called, the insumisos ("defiant ones", conscientious objectors) argued and worked for non-violent strategies. The notion of a limpieza (cleansing) formed an essential part of the rebel strategy, and the process began immediately after an area had been captured. The prime minister was hesitant. Azaña was hesitant to use the army to shoot or stop rioters or protestors as many of them supported his coalition. [365], Nationalist forces massacred civilians in Seville, where some 8,000 people were shot; 10,000 were killed in Cordoba; 6,000–12,000 were killed in Badajoz[366] after more than one thousand of landowners and conservatives were killed by the revolutionaries.

Fácil comprensión y lectura. [306] In comparison, in 1936–1938 the French military spendings totalled $0,87bn, the Italian ones reached $2,64bn, and the British ones stood at $4,13bn. [236] In 1938, Franco feared an immediate French intervention against a potential Nationalist victory in Spain through French occupation of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Spanish Morocco. The Republican government was anticlerical, and, when the war began, supporters attacked and murdered Roman Catholic clergy in reaction to the news of military revolt. [403], As pressure mounted with the increasing success of the Nationalists, many civilians were executed by councils and tribunals controlled by competing Communist and anarchist groups.

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