It originated with the 16th century Reformation, a movement against what its followers perceived to be errors in the Catholic Church. Arts and Humanities Through the Eras. source: J. H. Robinson, ed., Readings in European History. Encyclopedia.com. [1], Germanic Heathenry, the contemporary continuation of ancient Germanic religion, is represented by various organizations, including the Nordic Asa-Community (Nordiska Asa-samfundet), the Swedish Forn Sed Assembly (Samfundet Forn Sed Sverige) and the Community for Nordic Faith (Samfälligheten för Nordisk Sed). [15], According to the 2015 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, there are 22,730 active members in Sweden, and 36,270 people attended their annual memorial of Christ's death. During his first sojourn in Geneva, Calvin worked closely with his associate William Farel, but local officials expelled both from the town because of their uncompromising attitudes towards religious reform. [15], As of 2016, 6,484,203 people, or 64.9% of the total population, were registered members of the various Protestant denominations in Sweden.[1][2]. During the next few years Zwingli's sermons encouraged many in the city to demand church reforms. In 2009, the U.S. Department of State estimated that there were 450,000 to 500,000 Muslims in Sweden, around 5% of the total population. In this way, a Lutheran Head of State would govern the Church – it would not just be governed as if it were a secular body.

Even more Protestants fled to the continent, particularly to Geneva, where they immersed themselves in the teachings of Calvinism. When the Pope refused, Gustav Vasa — he himself a proponent of a "Renaissance Biblical Humanism" — started to promote the Swedish Lutheran reformers Olaus, Laurentius Petri, and Laurentius Andreae. Email him at muccillidariopio@gmail.com. However, he made a grave mistake : when he joined the Thirty Years war alongside the German protestants, his troops fared badly, leaving Sweden to emerge as the most powerful Scandinavian country at that time.

Each stressed that religious art should be done away with in an orderly fashion. The Constitution of 1809 proclaimed that the king and members of the government had to belong to the Church of Sweden. The consistory could be used as a way to establish greater discipline among citizens. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. In 1527, the Swedish Parliament voted to break its ties with Rome, and a council held two years later prepared the way for a reform of Sweden's church. Calvinism takes its name from its leader, John Calvin, a French theologian who settled in Geneva. Rome was not willing to accept the Reformed Catholicism in exchange for counter-reformation, and the counter-reformation in Sweden diminished after death of queen Catherine, and the king's remarriage to the Protestant Gunilla Bielke. Luther had taught that the primary purpose of the Bible was to reveal God's gift of salvation by faith, and thus those parts of scripture that treated faith were more important than those that did not. As this siege lengthened, conditions within the city's walls worsened. The Spread of Protestantism in Northern EuropeScandinavia.Luther's teachings became the dominant form of Protestant Christianity, not only in Germany, but throughout Scandinavia.

From this insight, Calvin stressed predestination more than Luther, who had also taught the doctrine. He secularized the order and in 1525 acknowledged himself a Lutheran. introduction: For John Calvin, true knowledge of God was only possible for those who understood the depths of human depravity and the extent of the divinity's omnipotence. The reform movement also spread into eastern Europe. In 1570 the anti-Trinitarian Socinians, named after their leader Faustus Socinus, flocked from Italy to Poland where they received asylum, perhaps merely because they were Italian, from the Italian queen of Poland, Bona Sforza. The entire Swedish Church was now declared independent from Rome. Although it had not been officially recognized by the terms of the Peace of Augsburg (the treaty that governed religion in Germany), Calvinism spread in the German Empire in the later sixteenth century as several German princes decided to adopt the religion in their territories.

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