Another 700 villages are too small to have a separate administration and are administratively part of either cities (41 of them) or communes (659). . In 1940, as a consequence of the MolotovRibbentrop Pact, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, leading to the creation of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian SSR). [17] The unrecognised state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. For the historical principality, see, Romanian language (Moldovan) by district (2014), Union with Romania and the return of the Russians, Reincorporation into Romania and the Soviet occupation, Transnistria breaks away (1990 to present). With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Their performance gained international notoriety as an internet meme due to the pelvic thrusting and dancing of Sergey Stepanov, the band saxophonist. The Moldova State University and the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, the main scientific organizations of Moldova, were established in 1946. Since 2000, however, the country's GDP (PPP) grew significantly:[17][151]. The country's only post-Soviet president, . After a week of dual government meetings, some protest, and the international community mostly supporting the new government coalition, Pavel Filip stepped down as prime minister but still called for new elections. He has been dubbed "Epic Sax Guy". . Despite the hardships and deprivations the national team are ranked 34th in the world. [147], Once possessing a range from the British Isles through Central Asia over the Bering Strait into Alaska and Canada's Yukon as well as the Northwest Territories, saigas survived in Moldova and Romania into the late 18th century. In 2005, Moldova and the European Union established an action plan that sought to improve cooperation between Moldova and the union. Corporate governance in the banking sector is a major concern. Serbia - $7,666. strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe after Russia People and Society Population 43,528,136 (2022 est.) The heaviest rainfall occurs in early summer and again in October; heavy showers and thunderstorms are common. The people of this civilization, which lasted roughly from 5500 to 2750 BC, practised agriculture, raised livestock, hunted, and made intricately designed pottery.[25]. This area of present-day Moldova was inhabited by ancient Dacians and Moldovans identify themselves with their ancestors. [152] Moldova's remarkable recovery from the severe recession of 2009 was largely the result of sound macroeconomic and financial policies and structural reforms. The National Library of Moldova was founded in 1832. The country's cultural heritage was marked by numerous churches and monasteries built by the Moldavian ruler Stephen the Great in the 15th century, by the works of the later renaissance Metropolitans Varlaam and Dosoftei, and those of scholars such as Grigore Ureche, Miron Costin, Nicolae Milescu, Dimitrie Cantemir[g] and Ion Neculce. Peter Aaron was eventually ousted by his nephew, Stephen the Great who would become the most important medieval Moldavian ruler who managed to uphold Moldavia's autonomy against Hungary, Poland and the Ottoman Empire. The main means of transportation in Moldova are railways 1,138km (707mi) and a highway system (12,730km or 7,910mi overall, including 10,937km or 6,796mi of paved surfaces). In 1878, as a result of the Treaty of Berlin, Romania was forced to cede the three counties back to the Russian Empire. In agriculture, the economic reform started with the land cadastre reform. Moldovameaning the former sovjet republic of Moldova, which is a smaller part of the Romanian historical province of Moldova, is a state. [149] Moldova is currently interested in expanding their wisent population, and began talks with Belarus in 2019 regarding a bison exchange program between the two countries. Moldova received official recognition on 25 December. Montenegro - $7,686. The Principality of Moldavia was bounded by the Carpathian Mountains in the west, the Dniester River in the east, and the Danube River and Black Sea to the south. The controversial results of this election sparked the April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests. About 14% of the population did not declare their nationality. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, a Bessarabian parliament, Sfatul rii (a National Council), was elected in OctoberNovember 1917 and opened on December 3[O.S. [30][31] Under his rule, which lasted 47 years, Moldavia experienced a glorious political and cultural period.[32]. 24 January]1918 and requested the assistance of the French army present in Romania (general Henri Berthelot) and of the Romanian Army. In August 1939, the MolotovRibbentrop Pact and its secret additional protocol were signed, by which Nazi Germany recognized Bessarabia as being within the Soviet sphere of influence, which led the latter to actively revive its claim to the region. This gesture was to have unexpected consequences: Petru supplied the Polish ruler with funds needed in the war against the Teutonic Knights, and was granted control over Pokuttya until the debt was to be repaid; as this is not recorded to have been carried out, the region became disputed by the two states, until it was lost by Moldavia in the Battle of Obertyn (1531). Its identity with the Romanian language was also established. [58], In the postwar period, the Soviet government organized the immigration of working age Russian speakers (mostly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), into the new Soviet republic, especially into urbanized areas, partly to compensate for the demographic loss caused by the war and the emigration of 1940 and 1944. Due to its strategic location on a route between Asia and Europe, the territory of modern Moldova experienced many invasions in late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, notably by Goths, Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Magyars, Pechenegs, Cumans, Mongols and Tatars. [74] On 30 December 2010, Marian Lupu was elected as the Speaker of the Parliament and the acting President of the Republic of Moldova. Hungary is also non Slavic . Deforestation, demographic pressure, as well as excessive hunting eradicated the native saiga herds which is currently threatened with extinction. [152] Monetary policy has been successful in maintaining inflation within the NBM's target range. Total recorded adult alcohol consumption is approximately evenly split between spirits, beer and wine. The main transmission channels through which adverse exogenous shocks could impact the Moldovan economy are remittances (also due to potentially returning migrants), external trade, and capital flows. [23] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country began to use the Romanian name, Moldova. The number of students per 10,000 inhabitants in Moldova has been constantly growing since the collapse of the Soviet Union, reaching 217 in 20002001, and 351 in 20052006. Moldova lies between latitudes 45 and 49 N, and mostly between meridians 26 and 30 E (a small area lies east of 30). As of 1 January 2016, the population of Republic of Moldova was estimated to be 4,067,485 people. Annual rainfall, which ranges from around 600mm (24in) in the north to 400mm (16in) in the south, can vary greatly; long dry spells are not unusual. The largest part of the country (around 88% of the area) lies in Bessarabia region, between Prut and Dniester rivers, while a narrow strip in the east is located in Transnistria (east of the Dniester). A deep crisis was to follow Alexander l's long reign, with his successors battling each other in a succession of wars that divided the country until the murder of Bogdan II and the accession of Peter Aaron in 1451. [114], In September 2010, the European Parliament approved a grant of 90 million to Moldova. Moldova has access to the Danube for only about 480m (1,575ft), and Giurgiuleti is the only Moldovan port on the Danube. The group is still active and released their latest album in 2017. The country became the first post-Soviet state where a non-reformed Communist Party returned to power. Moldova in brief Destination Moldova, a Nations Online country profile of the small landlocked Eastern European country sandwiched between Ukraine and Romania in a region known as Bessarabia. World War I brought in a rise in political and cultural (ethnic) awareness among the inhabitants of the region, as 300,000 Bessarabians were drafted into the Russian Army formed in 1917; within bigger units several "Moldavian Soldiers' Committees" were formed. [231] The most prestigious cycling race is the Moldova President's Cup, which was first run in 2004. [16] It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The signing came after the accord was drafted in Vilnius in November 2013. On 21 December of the same year, Moldova, along with most of the other Soviet republics, signed the constitutive act that formed the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). 21 November]1917. . Winning 49.9% of the vote, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (reinstituted in 1993 after being outlawed in 1991), gained 71 of the 101 MPs, and on 4 April 2001, elected Vladimir Voronin as the country's third president (re-elected in 2005). Also, for the first time, the population had the option to identify as "Transnistrian". After the constitutional referendum aimed to approve the reform failed in September 2010,[73] the parliament was dissolved again and a new parliamentary election was scheduled for 28 November 2010. [220], Emigration is a mass phenomenon in Moldova and has a major impact on the country's demographics and economy. In 1538, the principality became a tributary to the Ottoman Empire, but it retained internal and partial external autonomy. [28] The Polish state was powerful enough to counter the Hungarian Kingdom which was consistently interested in bringing the area that would become Moldavia into its political orbit. [18] Miletii Mici is the home of the largest wine cellar in the world. Trnt (a form of wrestling) is the national sport in Moldova. As part of this process, the Tsarist administration in Bessarabia gradually removed the Moldavian language from official and religious use.[36]. In the 1980s, amid political conditions created by glasnost and perestroika, a Democratic Movement of Moldova was formed, which in 1989 became known as the nationalist Popular Front of Moldova (FPM). It was a brief war between Moldovan and separatist Transnistrian forces, with Russia intervening militarily on Transnistria's side. Among Moldova's most prominent composers are Gavriil Musicescu, tefan Neaga and Eugen Doga. On 30 October 1992, Moldova ratified the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, which establishes comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment and provides for the destruction of weapons in excess of those limits. The Principality of Moldavia began when a Vlach voivode (military leader), Drago, arrived in the region of the Moldova River. The economy subsequently declined from 1991 to 1999. [121][full citation needed], On 29 November 2013, at a summit in Vilnius, Moldova signed an association agreement with the European Union dedicated to the European Union's 'Eastern Partnership' with ex-Soviet countries. Among most prominent classical musicians in Moldova are Maria Bieu, one of the leading world's sopranos and the winner of the Japan International Competition; pianist Mark Zeltser, winner of the USSR National Competition, Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition in Paris and Busoni Competition in Bolzano, Italy. The country acceded to the provisions of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in October 1994 in Washington, D.C. (1) din Constituie n corelaie cu Preambulul Constituiei i Declaraia de Independen a Republicii Moldova (Sesizrile nr. In the 19th century, Moldavians from the territories of the medieval Principality of Moldavia, divided into Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Western Moldavia (after 1859, Romania), made a significant contribution to the formation of the modern Romanian culture. The 19th century saw the arrival of many more Ukrainians from Podolia and Galicia, as well as new communities, such as Lipovans, Russians, Bulgarians, and Germans. [20], The name Moldova is derived from the Moldova River (German: Moldau); the valley of this river served as a political centre at the time of the foundation of the Principality of Moldavia in 1359. [200] More than 2.0% of the population is Protestant including a growing number of Jehovah's Witnesses, 0.9% belongs to other religions, 1.0% is non-religious, 0.4% is atheist, and 2.2% did not answer the religion question at the census. "[131] In 2009, when Moldova experienced its most serious civil unrest in a decade, several civilians, including Valeriu Boboc, were killed and many more injured. Population: 2.1: Population and the demographic structure", "Republic of Moldova 2014 - Census de facto complete tabulation", "Ethnic composition of Transnistria 2004", "The text of the Declaration of Independence prevails over the text of the Constitution", "Declaraia de independena a Republicii Moldova, Moldova Suveran", "A Field Guide to the Main Languages of Europe Spot that language and how to tell them apart", "ADEPT: Laws of the Republic of Moldova: The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova", "Hotrre Nr. [63] The Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova is assessing the activity of the communist totalitarian regime. ", "Pro-Russia candidate Igor Dodon to win Moldova presidential election | DW | 13 November 2016", "Moldova Faces Turmoil as Court Outlaws New Govt", "A Constitutional Crisis in Moldova Produces an Unexpected Alliance", "Moldova Had Two Governments. Cum a evoluat economia Republicii Moldova n ultimii 20 de ani. According to the 2014 census preliminary data, 2,998,235 inhabitants lived in Moldova (within the areas controlled by the central government), an 11.3% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2004 census. After 1828 this autonomy was progressively restricted and in 1871 the Oblast was transformed into the Bessarabia Governorate, in a process of state-imposed assimilation, Russification. It stretches for 200km (120mi) (though only 55km (34mi) is in use) and holds almost 2 million bottles of wine[170], Moldova's rich soil and temperate continental climate (with warm summers and mild winters) have made the country one of the most productive agricultural regions since ancient times, and a major supplier of agricultural products in southeastern Europe. They are natives of Central, Eastern, Southeast, and Northeast Europe as well as Central and North Asia. The most successful football club is Sheriff Tiraspol, the first and only Moldovan club to qualify for the group stage of the Champions League and the Europa League. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}47N 29E / 47N 29E / 47; 29. [96] On 6 August 2021, the Natalia Gavrilia-led cabinet was sworn in to office with 61 votes, all from the Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS). Despite a small contraction in 2012, Moldova's economic performance was among the strongest in the region during 201013. [75] In March 2012, Nicolae Timofti was elected as president of Moldova in a parliamentary vote, becoming the first full-time president since Vladimir Voronin, a Communist, resigned in September 2009. Before the election of Timofti, Moldova had had three acting presidents in three years. The country also has important minority ethnic communities, as shown in the table below. Main risks to the near-term outlook relate to serious vulnerabilities and governance issues in the banking sector, policy slippages in the run up to the elections, intensification of geopolitical tensions in the region, and a further slowdown in activity in main trading partners. [223] The largest ethnic group, which had come to identify itself widely as "Moldovan" by the 14th century, played a significant role in the shaping of classical Romanian culture. The acting president Mihai Ghimpu instituted the Commission for constitutional reform in Moldova to adopt a new version of the Constitution of Moldova. Vladimir Voronin, who had been President of Moldova since 2001, eventually resigned on 11 September 2009, but the Parliament failed to elect a new president. Ialpug flows into one of the Danube limans, while Coglnic into the Black Sea chain of limans. To distinguish the two, during the Soviet period, Moldovan was written in the Cyrillic alphabet, in contrast with Romanian, which since 1860 had been written in the Latin alphabet. [61] In the 1970s and 1980s, the Moldavian SSR received substantial allocations from the budget of the USSR to develop industrial and scientific facilities and housing. [118] The first joint meeting of the Governments of Romania and Moldova, held in March 2012, concluded with several bilateral agreements in various fields. "[133] Moldova "has made noteworthy progress on religious freedom since the era of the Soviet Union, but it can still take further steps to foster diversity," said the UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief Heiner Bielefeldt, in Chiinu, in September 2011. Russia has about 1,500 soldiers stationed in breakaway Transnistria. Popular alcoholic beverages are divin (Moldovan brandy), beer, and wineof which the country is known for making high-quality offerings.[225][226]. [163] Moldova has also achieved a Free Visa Regime[164] with the EU which represents the biggest achievement of Moldovan diplomacy since independence. In line with FSAP recommendations, significant weaknesses in the legal and regulatory frameworks must be urgently addressed to ensure stability and soundness of the financial sector. [123], Moldova signed the Association Agreement with the European Union in Brussels on 27 June 2014. [176], As of the 2014 census, Moldovans were the largest ethnic group of Moldova (75.1% of the population). Moldova River Guvernul a fost nvestit n funcie cu 61 de voturi", "Criz politic n Republica Moldova. Montenegro has the lowest population of Slavs with just over 621,000. The urbanization rate was 69.9%. Moldova remains highly vulnerable to fluctuations in remittances from workers abroad (which constitute 24 percent of GDP), exports to the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and European Union (EU) (88 per cent of total exports), and donor support (about 10 per cent of government spending). In 2013 more than 60% of schoolchildren took it as their first foreign language. It does not have nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological weapons. Notably, Moldova is the country with the highest alcohol consumption per capita in world, at 15.2 litres (4.0USgal) of pure alcohol imbibed in 2016. The Soviet Army re-captured the region in FebruaryAugust 1944, and re-established the Moldavian SSR. The landscape of Moldova is a predominantly hilly plateau crossed by . Following a period of political instability and massive public protests, a new government led by Pavel Filip was invested in January 2016. In 2015 a new musical project by the name of Carla's Dreams has risen in popularity around Moldova. With the nationalist Popular Front now in a parliamentary minority, new measures aiming to moderate the ethnic tensions in the country could be adopted. Locals referred to the principality as Moldova - like the present-day republic and Romania's north-eastern region. Moldova made its Olympic debut at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. The country covers an area of 33,850 km, making it somewhat larger than Belgium, or slightly larger than the US state of Maryland. The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova managed to stay in power for eight years. The species was reintroduced with the arrival of three European bison from Biaowiea Forest in Poland several days before Moldova's Independence Day on 27 August 2005. [93] On 28 April 2021, Sandu dissolved the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova after the Constitutional Court ended Moldova's state of emergency which had been brought about by the coronavirus pandemic. Slavic people mostly live in Eastern and south/central Europe, but not every country there is majority Slavic. [citation needed]. But there live also about 30% of Russians, Ucraineans and some smaller minorities which are non-slavic. [211][212] Banks are administered by the National Bank of Moldova, so this loss was covered from state reserves. While the region of Transnistria was never politically part of the Principality of Moldavia, there were sizable areas which were owned by Moldavian boyars or the Moldavian rulers. W.Slavic includes languages such as Czech , Polish and Slovak . Nevertheless, the Constitutional Court ruled on 4 March 2016, that this constitutional change adopted in 2000 regarding the presidential election was unconstitutional,[111] thus reverting the election method of the president to a two-round system direct election. In 2000, the Constitution was amended, transforming Moldova into a parliamentary republic, with the president being chosen through indirect election rather than direct popular vote. [216], Public expenditure on health was 4.2% of the GDP and private expenditure on health 3.2%.

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