A virus has a cell, a nucleus, and does not eat. d. hereditary angioedema d. the plasma membrane, Using the compound light microscope in the lab room, you observe a wet mount slide preparation. 13-35 Protective antibodies generated in response to influenza virus bind to _____ of the viral envelope. c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum a. The tertiary structure consists of eight beta-strands connected by -helices (known as the globin fold) Hemoglobin is a tetramer composed of two different types of globin subunits, each of which has an O 2 binding site The saline you used was hypotonic to the RBCs; this resulted in water osmosing through the RBC plasma membrane mostly into the cells. a. a. hemagglutinin and neuraminidase - Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are on the decline globally. Car accident c. the ER lumen. 4. c. prokaryotic cells . 13-42 Epstein-Barr virus infects and establishes latency in _____, gaining entry by binding to _____. During the process of ________, water diffuses across a semipermeable membrane from an area where water is more concentrated to an area where water is less concentrated (it moves along the water concentration gradient). Which of the following is/are part of accepted cell theory? 5. c) the proteins in the host's cytoplasm c. They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer; therefore, they must move across by facilitated diffusion. However, that does not imply that low doses of any toxin is good for health. - Immunological status affects susceptibility to toxins. d. RAG1 or RAG2 d. carbohydrates. c. They must make sure the results were not an accident and that they are repeatable. c. nucleic acids. These individuals, who generally communicate through sign language, are an integral part of our society, and their contribution is vital. b. A nonliving complex of RNA or DNA protected by a protein coat c) Vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from the upper leaves to the lower leaves of the plant, and horizontal transmission is the spread of a virus among leaves at the same general level. c. inhibition of MHC class I expression 13-7 Genes encoding _____ rearrange in trypanosomes permitting replication and survival of the pathogen until the host produces an antibody response against the altered gene product. Viruses contain organelles while bacteria cells do not Tags: Question 2 SURVEY 30 seconds Q. What does the image depict in the context of environmental toxicology? Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts? 13-11 Herpesviruses include all of the following except _____. If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution, what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why? d. MHC class I A. Deriving social determinants of health from underserved populations is an important step in the process of improving the well-being of these populations and in driving policy improvements to facilitate positive change in health outcomes. e. It is secreted and functions as a monomer but facilitates the dimerization of its receptor. d. Epstein-Barr virus They are repelled by the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids that form the phospholipid bilayer. In assessing the danger of toxic substances, which of these statements are true? White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease that is devastating bat populations, causing mortality of 90 percent or more in infected colonies. a. They produce proteins used by other parts of the cell. b. proper hand washing. b) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes into the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells. Probability is a calculation of the statistical danger of a risk, and this information can help us decide which risks to tolerate and which to avoid. 13-48 Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B-cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens? Urban flooding has become one of the most common natural hazards threatening people's lives and assets globally due to climate change and rapid urbanization. b. T-cell-dependent antibody responses; cell-mediated immune responses Multiple Choice Q09 Which of the following statements correctly describes the most probable fate of a newly emerging virus that causes high mortality in its host? c. They are acellular. d. viruses are prokaryotic and bacteria are eukaryotic . Colony collapse disorder is a persistent epidemic that affects ___________________. b) Viruses can replicate independently of their cellular hosts. c. a prokaryotic cell without a nucleus. Match each type of substance to its characteristic. Dialysis tubing is a selectively permeable membrane that can be filled with a solution to simulate a cell. Ospreys eat larger fish. II. Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties? a. b) enter a replicative cycle that kills the host cell. Increased frequency:increased depth of penetration B. c. osmosis. a. gene conversion a. contain genetic material b. can be killed using antibiotics c. have a cell membrane d. have a protein coat a 5. A long piece of ribbon wired along both long edges is twisted into a helix and wrapped around individual pipe cleaners that have been rolled into spools; this grouping is then twisted (super coiled) again to condense it. No color change in the beaker tells us that the starch was too large to cross the membrane from the cell and into the beaker. d) Cutting and assembling the capsid would be halted. Which of the following characteristics is the largest contributor to determining a virus's host range? Excreting water-soluble salts and other substances - Kidneys. Members of a population vary in their level of sensitivity to a toxin. a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia 13-66 Which statement regarding retrovirus proviruses is false? Its function most resembles d. The RBCs were hypertonic to the saline; this resulted in water osmosing through the RBC plasma membrane mostly into the cells. The leading reasons for nonrational risk perception include ______. host cell indefinitely. Which of the following describes a virus? a) They can be controlled by the use of antibiotics. e) Viral genomes mutate rapidly. You are a microbiologist working with a species of bacteria that can perform photosynthesis. a. channel proteins 13-76 Which of the following is required for fusion of the human immunodeficiency viral envelope with the host cell membrane and subsequent internalization? Spatial variability of soil parameter distribution is crucial to calculating the pile foundation failure probability. Regulators struggle with how to set acceptable pollution levels based on the dose-response curve because ______. answer choices Viruses can eat and metabolize food. New York State coalition hepatitis C consensus statement leads to governor's action. e. C3; opsonize capsulated bacteria. Prokaryotic cells must also carry out respiration but do not have mitochondria. Explain. Persistence of chemicals can be a concern for health because such ______. a. effective at minuscule concentrations d. There will be no net movement of water because the solutions are isotonic. What general type of membrane are you observing? a. osmosis. The water will mostly move from side "A" to side "B" because the water concentration is higher on side "A.". c. gp41 Response - Vertical (y) axis After soaking in the yellow iodine-water solution for one hour, the cell is once again weighed. e. CD18. d. the proteasome cannot generate viral peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules. The phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome where it is passed on to daughter cells through binary fission. d. the use of antibiotics. Viruses can reproduce only using a host cell. True or false: Mortality refers to being ill, whereas morbidity refers to dying from a disease. d. carbon dioxide (CO2), b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids. Match the following causes of death with the lifetime chance of dying that way in the United States. a. the cell wall Because sensory neurons express low levels of MHC class I molecules, they provide appropriate sites for viral dormancy. B. HIV is able to hide from the immune system. b. the virus escapes from the phagosome into the cytosol - The chemical industry disputes the need for testing, and industry-funded scientists point to contradictions and uncertainties in published studies. a) Viruses are smaller in size than bacteria. NADPH oxidase; produce superoxide radical (O-). c. The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise. Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) are the ________ building blocks for DNA; they are organized in different combinations to code for all of the proteins needed to accomplish everything the cell does. **see figure. If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution, what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why? It has not been previously known or has been absent for at least 20 years. Q. To test your knowledge, discuss the following topics with a study partner or in writing, ideally from memory a. On the basis of the experimental data and the gradient-less optimization approach, the modeling strategy and the parameterized equivalent dynamic finite element model are presented. e. factor I b. respiratory syncytial virus There is evidence that elephants communicate via infrasound, generating rumbling vocalizations as low as 14 Hz that can travel up to 10 km. b. impenetrable The color change does not really tell us anything about the experiment. d. it made plymouth a royal colony You also notice that the solution inside of the cell is now a dark blue color while the solution in the beaker is still a light yellow color from the iodine. At times we lack the medicines with which to treat them, as some emergent diseases are caused by drug-resistant strains of a pathogen. Which of the following statements best describes vaccines? a. LFA-3 - LD50 is the dose of the toxin that is lethal to half the population. a. rise markedly after T-cell activation c. No; although prokaryotic cells are comparatively less efficient than eukaryotic cells, they are still able to carry out the processes necessary for survival and reproduction. (Use just one word for your answer.). developing countries where many people cannot afford adequate health care or to live in a healthy environment. The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise. d) viroid c. X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome About Us: If your goal is to build a career that makes a difference, consider joining the dedicated people of the Colorado Department of Human Services(CDHS). A cheetah can run 121212 km/h over a 100100100 m distance. - must be handled carefully in large doses, but they can be rendered relatively innocuous by dilution, neutralization, or other physical treatment, draws from many disciplines, including biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, among others. The water will mostly move from side "A" to side "B" because the water concentration is higher on side "A." From what substance do liposomes spontaneously form and why are they important? d. stores water, nutrients, and enzymes. a. lipids. Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between viruses and bacteria? 13-43 Which of the following is not used by the herpes simplex virus to subvert host immune responses? How do these molecules arrange themselves to form a mostly impermeable barrier between a liposome and its environment? b. Antigenic shift; antigenic drift - when risks are known and we feel in control of the outcome. II. Question 1. d. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all living cells arise from preexisting cells. This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypotonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypertonic. d. Pandemics; epidemics. Our professionals strive to design and deliver high quality human and health services that improve the safety, independence, and well-being of the people of . Our 2021 revenue of $139.6 million would have been $118.1 million excluding these clients, and our 2022 revenue without these clients was $126.7 million. Rank the order of the following causes of death, putting the lowest risk of death for a person in the United States on bottom and the highest risk of death at the top. Factor related to the exposure - Dose and frequency of contact with the chemical b. it founded the plymouth colony under a proprietary governor. d. a chromosome, where the pipe cleaners represent bundles of proteins around which the DNA double helix (wired ribbon) is wrapped. Dose (amount of experience) - Horizontal (x) axis d. There will be no net movement of water because the solutions are isotonic. a. Choose the following statement that most accurately describes viruses. Which of the following important considerations in setting environmental health policy is most often overlooked? Question 33. The epidermis layer functions like a covering of skin to protect the leaf while vascular bundles carry water and nutrients through the leaf. 80% of antibiotics used in the United States are _______. Which of the following statements about chronic and acute exposure and effects are correct? Match each of the following factors to how it influences whether a particular chemical will prove to be dangerous. Chytridiomycosis (or chytrid fungus) is an ecological disease that affects amphibians and is ______. - an ecological disease costs may increase significantly to protect the very small number of highly sensitive individuals at the extreme end of the curve. b. T cells; CD4 Which of the following help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane? e) proviruses. - Endocrine disrupters may cause reproductive dysfunction in females. d. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; influenza virus If you already knew that the infectious agent was a prion, select all the treatments that would allow you to distinguish this? (Use only one word per blank.). Match the dietary consideration to its positive influence on a particular health condition. Because organs such as your skin and liver make frequent repairs, they are also more likely to ______. 13-45 Which of the following is not a characteristic of staphylococcal enterotoxins? Developing radiation sickness after exposure to radiation - Acute effect 13-47 Which of the following statements regarding inherited immunodeficiency diseases is correct? Instead, the RBCs look very shriveled up. b) casing c. phagocytosis. - The mere presence of a toxin is insignificant without considering how much is there, where it is located, how accessible it is, and who is exposed. b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids Contrary to the risk probabilities, we are often willing to accept far greater risk than the general threshold ______. Which of the following groups of people is most likely to have an increased exposure to toxic chemicals because of their job responsibilities? d) Viruses do not represent a single taxonomic group. What factors make emergent diseases a special problem? - that some minimal dose is necessary before any effect can be observed. 13-52 _____ participates in the T-cell cytoskeletal reorganization required for T-cell cytokine production and cell-mediated interactions. They affect wildlife populations, such as bats and frogs. Which of the following statements correctly describes one characteristic of the lytic cycle of viral replication? b. Interpret this graph by matching each label to the correct line in the graph. So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes out of the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells and making them crunchier. A.) 13-22 When deficient, which of the following proteins does not render the individual more susceptible to encapsulated bacteria? - The damage to genetic material by mutagens can lead to birth defects if the exposure occurs during fetal development. When iodine and starch are mixed together, they form a bluish-black compound that is easily seen. There are 4 serotypes of the virus . Cancer What persistent pollutant formerly was used in paint and gasoline and is linked to numerous health concerns such as cancer, reproductive problems, mental issues, behavior problems, and deformities? b) Formation of the provirus would be stopped. X=(112110101)X\mathbf{X}^{\prime}=\left(\begin{array}{rrr}{1} & {-1} & {2} \\ {-1} & {1} & {0} \\ {-1} & {0} & {1}\end{array}\right) \mathbf{X} The products are arranged under different categories like . The KaK_aKa of nitrous acid, HNO2HNO_2HNO2, is 6.761046.76 \times 10^{-4}6.76104. d. they cause less severe immunodeficiency than do the homozygous recessive forms b. chronic granulomatous disease a worldwide (or very widespread) epidemic. 5. - Differences between acute and chronic exposures d. immune evasion c. viruses are biotic and bacteria are abiotic . B) Most of the prophage genes are activated by the product of a particular prophage gene. e. gp41 and gp120. b) IV Water-soluble types - These substances move widely in the environment and also have ready access to body cells as their solvent is ubiquitous a. c. innate; acquired immune responses Lead was banned from gasoline and paint in the 1970s and health problems associated with its exposure have dropped significantly since then. Which of the following statements are reasonable conclusions that can be drawn from a recent headline that announced the discovery of 23 pesticides in 16 food samples? the virus is able to transform into a host cell. A: Answer- Virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that is non-living outside the cell and living. 13-19 Which of these characteristics is not true of IFN-? 6 Tco 1 Which Statement Best Describes A Capitalist. County employees are subject . d) whether the genome of the virus is DNA or RNA, a) the proteins on the viral surface and that of the host cell membrane, Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties? Match each of the potential toxins listed below to their most likely routes of exposure. d. Liposomes form from phospholipid bilayers and provide a barrier between an external environment and an internal environment; this creates an internal environment where specific chemical reactions needed to establish a living cell can occur separately from the external environment. This virus attacks the white blood cells (immune cells) of the human body. 13-53 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a condition resulting in chronic bacterial and fungal infections, is caused by one or more defects in _____, compromising the ability of macrophages to _____. Name several indicators that scientists use to evaluate the effects of climate change. Increased frequency:decreased depth of penetration C. Increased blood flow:greater temperature increase D. Increased water content:increased ultrasound absorption Question: Which of the following statements accurately describes a viral envelope? b. S. pneumoniae is never completely eradicated during an infection and can reactivate if the host is immunocompromised. 6. .Know, understand, incorporate, and demonstrate the Mission, Vision, Values and Guiding Behaviors of Trinity Health and LIFE at St. Joseph of the Pines in behaviors, practices, and decisions. d. No; eukaryotic organelles are expelled each time the cell divides. e) envelope, It turns out that your evil roommate has a herpesvirus-mediated genital sore. Capitalism is an economic system that operates under the. True or false: Conservation medicine refers to efforts by biologists to treat sick or injured wildlife. Small fish eat zooplankton True or false: Sick building syndrome refers to symptoms such as headaches, allergies, and chronic fatigue caused by a variety of toxins that build up in poorly ventilated indoor spaces. a) The gp120 glycoprotein would no longer be able to bind to the CCR5 receptor. 1. a. exocytosis 13-33 Patients who lack _____ are very susceptible to infections with intracellular bacteria, including the ubiquitous nontuberculous strains of mycobacteria. The membranes of the mitochondria provide a place for enzymes needed for cellular respiration to anchor and function. True or false: Most people in industrialized nations have PFC residues (perflurooctanoic acid) in their blood. d. phagocytosis. If a bottle of perfume were spilled in the corner of a large lecture hall, the students sitting near that corner of the room would very quickly smell the perfume. Morbidity refers to _____________, whereas mortality refers to ____________. Determine the average shear stress on the wetted perimeter of this channel. 13-15 Superantigens bind to all of the following molecules except _____. d. Filter the substance to remove all elements smaller than what can be easily seen under a light microscope. d. They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer; therefore, the only way they can move into the cell is by endocytosis. c) Viruses are difficult to place precisely within the tree of life. a. CD40 ligand Antibiotics for humans are generally ______ in the United States. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. Herpes simplex virus infects B lymphocytes. The solution level on the left side of the figure would rise while the solution level on the right side of the figure would decrease. Collection, integration, and effective use of clinical data for this purpose presents a variety of specific challenges. d) They have little effect on plant growth. b) copies of the herpesvirus genome remaining as mini-chromosomes in some host cell nuclei A virus does not have a cell wall, nucleus, and eats. 2.Consistently demonstrate (leads by example) LIFE . e. agammaglobulinemia caused by deficiency of Bruton's tyrosine kinase b. proteins. Which of the following is an example of a synergistic effect? Correct answers: 2 question: 7. which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the mayflower compact? - in the blood of nearly everyone in the United States. Check all that apply. Potential harm to other species or entire ecological systems. d. Certain solutes move freely across the membrane by simple diffusion while others must be helped across by active or passive transport proteins; some substances are completely excluded from crossing the membrane. b. rough ER d. nucleus, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. - The U.S. EPA estimates that 200 million Americans live in areas where cancer risk from environmental carcinogens is ten times higher than normal. A virus must use its host-cell processes to replicate. b. prokaryotic and animal b. a. Toxoplasma gondii nonspecific activation 2-20% of body's CD8 T cells. - Most organisms tolerate some exposure to a toxin but ultimately the dose gets large enough to kill them. Drowning (Select all that apply.) - the presence of a defense mechanism that prevents the toxin from reaching its target or repairs the damage that the toxin causes IV. b. pinocytosis b. vascular bundles d. Where is the most likely place that enzymes needed for cellular respiration are anchored and functioning? It is the major activating cytokine of macrophages. A metabolic poison that specifically attacks nerve cells is a _______________. d. pinocytosis. d. integrase d. T-cell receptor V chain. Other duties may be assigned as deemed necessary or appropriate by management. 13-4 The serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae differ in their _____. Which of the following virus types inserts a double-stranded DNA copy of its genome into the host cell's genome? c. secondary immunodeficiency diseases Treat the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determine whether it is still infectious. Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda () phage? Phospholipids are large organic molecules with a ________, polar phosphate head connected to ________, nonpolar fatty acid tails. b. class II transactivator (CIITA) a. the machine that assembles a product The pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is called _________________ ______________________ syndrome. The WBC's job is to take the bacteria inside of itself and destroy the bacteria. The odds of being involved in a car accident are about 1 in 100 while the odds of being involved in an airplane accident are about 1 in 5,000. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. Why do these antibiotics not work to kill viruses and cure people of viral infections? a. CD18; produce cell adhesion molecules Viruses can reproduce on their own at any time. a. it created the massachusetts bay colony. d. factor D Eradication of diseases such as polio or smallpox. Why do scientists classify viruses as non-living? b) retroviruses Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between viruses and bacteria? A virus is living because it has an envelope that acts like a cell membrane. c. Streptococcus pyogenes What do viruses need to reproduce? d. superantigen - mortality data fail to capture the impacts of nonfatal outcomes of disease and injury on human well-being. a) Fasting blood glucose from 120-180 mg/dL b) Fasting blood glucose from 126-140 mg/dL c) Fasting blood glucose from 110-125 mg/dL d) All of the above 7) All of the following drugs are oral hypoglycemic drugs, Except a) Metformin b) Sulphonylureas c) Thiazolidinediones a. Epstein-Barr virus b. Mortality rates are reduced by the administration of antibiotics to affected individuals. 13-25 Deficiencies in complement components C5-C9 and properdin (factor P) are associated with _____. 13-6 All of the following use gene conversion to avoid immune detection except _____. d. MHC class I; MHC class II molecules. b) Replication of their genomes does not involve proofreading. Which of these best describes a virus? the proteasome cannot generate viral peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules. b) Vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from one type of plant virus to another, and horizontal transmission is the exchange of DNA between two plant viruses of the same type. POPs, or ______________ _____________ ______________, are dangerous because they don't degrade quickly and cells readily take them up. The measles virus causes pancreas and liver infections. f. It is able to render target cells responsive even if they express only one functional allele of IFNR1. C.) A virus is nonliving because it lacks an organelle that allows movement. e. B cells; EBNA-1. O The presence of an envelope influences viral entry and exit strategies. d. Typically just a piece of genetic material encased in proteins, viruses are small, non-cellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell such as those of plants, animals, fungi, protozoans, or bacteria. a. is the site where lipids destined for other cellular compartments are manufactured.
